Dr. Harvey Cushing developed many of the basic surgical techniques for operating on the human brain, thus establishing neurosurgery as a new and autonomous surgical discipline. He considerably improved the survival of patients undergoing difficult intracranial procedures, an area in which he became the foremost expert of all time. He was the first to use x-rays and electrical stimulation in the diagnosis of brain tumors. He established an international reputation as a teacher of neurosurgeons, training many students who also became world renowned. In his honor, one of the first medical associations in neurosurgery was formed (the Harvey Cushing Society, later absorbed in to the American Association of Neurological Surgeons). His name was also immortalized in the history of medicine by his discovery in 1912 of Cushing's disease, a syndrome caused by the malfunction of the pituitary gland. This discovery was described in this work: "The Pituitary Body and its Disorders”. Cushing was the recipient of the Pulitzer Prize in 1926 for his respected biography of Sir William Osler, one the fathers of modern medicine.

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